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type1.science

Living with T1D

The everyday tools for living well with T1D.

The insulins, CGMs, pumps and automated insulin delivery — each scored 0–100 against published, category-specific criteria. The default ranking is evidence-weighted; weight the criteria yourself and every list re-ranks live to what you value. Expand any row for the full scorecard and sources.

The insulins themselves — scored against their role peers on onset, peak, tail and consistency.

Insulins are scored relative to their role peers (see tags: rapid, ultra-rapid, basal, inhaled). A basal insulin's onset score compares it to other basals, not to mealtime insulins.

1
Inhaled insulin (Afrezza)MannKindRegulator-approved

A dry-powder human insulin inhaled at the start of a meal. Its standout trait is speed — it reaches the blood and starts lowering glucose within minut

Status

Available now

Onset speed

92

Time to peak

90

Short tail

88
75
Details +
2
Insulin degludec (Tresiba)Novo NordiskRegulator-approved

An ultra-long-acting basal insulin with a ~25-hour half-life and a flat, stable glucose-lowering effect lasting beyond 42 hours — its standout feature

Status

Available now

Onset speed

50

Time to peak

85

Short tail

80
74
Details +
3
Insulin glargine U300 (Toujeo)SanofiRegulator-approved

A concentrated (300 U/mL) once-daily basal analog of insulin glargine. The triple concentration forms a smaller, more compact subcutaneous depot that

Status

Available now

Onset speed

40

Time to peak

88

Short tail

82
71
Details +
4
Insulin efsitora alfa (basal Fc)Eli Lilly and CompanyStrong evidence

An investigational once-weekly basal insulin from Eli Lilly that fuses a single-chain insulin to an IgG Fc domain for a ~17-19 day half-life and a nea

Status

Coming

Onset speed

45

Time to peak

88

Short tail

85
65
Details +
5
Insulin glargine U100 (Lantus + biosimilars)Sanofi (Lantus); biosimilars/follow-ons: Eli Lilly/Boehringer Ingelheim (Basaglar/Abasaglar), Viatris/Biocon (Semglee), Eli Lilly (Rezvoglar)Regulator-approved

The original once-daily, peakless basal analog and the affordable basal benchmark. A flat ~24-hour profile that transformed basal insulin, now with wi

Status

Available now

Onset speed

50

Time to peak

72

Short tail

66
65
Details +
6
Ultra-rapid lispro (Lyumjev)Eli LillyRegulator-approved

Insulin lispro reformulated with treprostinil and citrate to widen and loosen local blood vessels, speeding absorption — one of the two fastest mealti

Status

Available now

Onset speed

74

Time to peak

66

Short tail

64
65
Details +
7
Faster aspart (Fiasp)Novo NordiskRegulator-approved

An ultra-rapid mealtime insulin — insulin aspart reformulated with niacinamide (and L-arginine) to speed early absorption, appearing in the blood abou

Status

Available now

Onset speed

72

Time to peak

60

Short tail

58
62
Details +
8
AT278 (U500 ultra-rapid insulin aspart)Arecor TherapeuticsEarly evidence

An investigational ultra-concentrated (500 U/mL), ultra-rapid mealtime insulin aspart from Arecor. In a Phase 1 type 1 diabetes clamp study it was abs

Status

Coming

Onset speed

80

Time to peak

78

Short tail

60
61
Details +
9
Insulin aspart (NovoLog / NovoRapid)Novo NordiskRegulator-approved

The long-standing rapid-acting mealtime analog and the practical reference point for "rapid insulin": approved since 1999–2000, pump-cleared, availabl

Status

Available now

Onset speed

58

Time to peak

55

Short tail

55
61
Details +
10
Insulin lispro (Humalog)Eli LillyRegulator-approved

The original rapid-acting mealtime analog (1996) — the molecule that made fast, flexible bolus insulin possible. Decades of use, cleared for pumps, on

Status

Available now

Onset speed

58

Time to peak

55

Short tail

53
61
Details +
11
AT247 ultra-rapid insulinArecor TherapeuticsEarly evidence

Arecor's U100 ultra-rapid insulin formulation, designed to accelerate absorption after injection or pump delivery and better match meal physiology. Ea

Status

Coming

Onset speed

82

Time to peak

78

Short tail

58
59
Details +
12
Insulin glulisine (Apidra)SanofiRegulator-approved

A rapid-acting mealtime analog, zinc-free so it stays largely un-clustered in the vial — giving it a marginally faster early action than aspart or lis

Status

Available now

Onset speed

60

Time to peak

56

Short tail

54
59
Details +
13
Once-weekly insulin icodec (Awiqli)Novo NordiskRegulator-approved

The first once-weekly basal insulin: a single injection covers seven days via an albumin-bound depot with a ~196-hour (≈8-day) half-life and a near-fl

Status

Available now

Onset speed

50

Time to peak

80

Short tail

58
57
Details +
14
HDV-Insulin Lispro (hepatocyte-directed vesicle)Diasome PharmaceuticalsModerate evidence

An investigational mealtime insulin lispro from Diasome wrapped in a liver-targeting phospholipid carrier (HDV) that steers a fraction of each dose to

Status

Coming

Onset speed

55

Time to peak

55

Short tail

60
55
Details +
15
Glucose-responsive ("smart") insulinMultiple (Novo Nordisk; University of Bristol/Carbometrics; academic programs)Preclinical

A class of insulins engineered to sense blood glucose and self-modulate their own activity — turning down when glucose is low to prevent hypoglycemia

Status

Research

Onset speed

40

Time to peak

70

Short tail

60
50
Details +
16
NPH insulin (isophane / Humulin N / Novolin N)Eli Lilly (Humulin N); Novo Nordisk (Novolin N / ReliOn)Regulator-approved

The legacy intermediate-acting human (non-analog) basal insulin, and by far the cheapest and most accessible — sold behind the pharmacy counter withou

Status

Available now

Onset speed

50

Time to peak

28

Short tail

42
44
Details +

Ranked by overall score · tap a row for the full scorecard · Weight the criteria to re-rank to your priorities.